Keratoconus: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Keratoconus occurs when the cornea, the clear surface at the front of the eye, becomes thinner and develops an irregular, cone-like shape. This can cause blurred or distorted vision and changing astigmatism. The condition may progress over time, but its course differs from person to person.

An eye doctor can examine the shape and thickness of the cornea using tests such as corneal topography or tomography. Sometimes keratoconus is detected when someone is being evaluated for laser vision correction. Repeatedly rubbing the eyes is associated with the condition and may worsen corneal changes; allergic eye symptoms should be treated appropriately.

Glasses or specialized contact lenses may improve vision. When the condition is progressing, corneal cross-linking with riboflavin and controlled ultraviolet light may help slow further changes. In selected cases, intracorneal ring segments or other surgery may be considered. Advanced disease sometimes requires a corneal transplant. These treatments serve different purposes and cannot guarantee perfect vision.

Conventional LASIK-type laser surgery is generally not suitable for eyes with keratoconus. Treatment decisions require a specialist examination. Seek prompt medical advice for sudden vision loss or eye pain.