Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

At root, the publication of an article published in the special health, on Saturday, July 14, 2007, "venereal infections affecting young people from 15 years."

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or sexually transmitted infection (STI), formerly known as venereal diseases, a term derived from the name of the Goddess of Love "Venus" (of ancient Rome.) Are infectious diseases transmitted through sex (intercourse) without protection.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health issue of great importance in most countries of the world. The incidence of acute STIs is high. According to WHO, about 685 thousand men and women contract STDs each day. In America an estimated 40-50 million men and women contract the sexually transmitted disease (STD) each year. Infection HPV (human papillomavirus) is most common STI worldwide (20 million are infected in the USA), particularly in adolescents and young adults.

Each year there are approximately 15 million new STD cases in United States and approximately one quarter of these cases affect adolescents.

Syphilis ravaged Europe in the XV-XVI century, the prevalence of STDs such as syphilis and gonorrhea old, have increased recently in the 21st century, among young people, teenagers and homosexual men in America and Europe.

There are more than 20 pathogens of sexually transmitted infections (STIs): bacteria (syphilis, gonorrhea), viral (HIV, HBV, HCV, HPV, HSV), fungi (Candida), parasitic (trichomonas), which can multiple co-present.

HPV is the sexually transmitted infection (STI) more frequent in younger people.

STIs affect men and women of all social and economic levels. But women sex is more severely affected, it is much more vulnerable biologically, culturally and socio-economic status. The majority of STIs are asymptomatic in women (60-70% of Chlamydia infections and Gonococcus).

The flaws in the diagnosis and early treatment can cause serious complications and sequelae: infertility, fetal loss, ectopic pregnancy, ano-genital cancer and premature death, and infections in newborns and infants. Complications of STIs in women are more, some fatal (cervical cancer / HPV, ectopic pregnancy, EPI, sepsis) and his sons

Prevention .-
The proper use of barriers or condoms (latex condoms), is effective in preventing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Can prevent infection with CMV, HSV and HPV and other opportunistic pathogens that infect more rarely HIV positive patient. In addition to avoiding the transmission of HIV, and HIV-1 reinfection and HIV-2. When your usage is correct, are effective in a 80 -95% reduction in the risk of HIV infection. Its use in prevention programs for HIV / STI, are useful and effective in the fall.

Should avoid sexual relations that may exist in an oral presentation to the faeces (mouth-anus), this measure can prevent the transmission of intestinal pathogens such as Cryptosporidium, Shigella, Campylobacter, Entamoeba, Giardia, etc..

There is a strong correlation between the spread of conventional STI and HIV transmission, and has been shown that both ulcerative STIs (syphilis) and non-ulcerative (gonorrhea, Chlamydia), increase the risk of sexual transmission of HIV.

It was found that improving the treatment of STIs reduces HIV transmission by about 40%, especially in an environment characterized by an emerging HIV epidemic in places where treatment for STIs is poor and very prevalent.

The prevention and control of STDs is based on five strategies:

• Education and guidance of people at risk, is a way to avoid STDs through changes in sexual behavior.

• Identification of asymptomatic infected persons.
• Effective diagnosis and treatment of infected persons.
• Assessment, treatment and counseling of sexual partners of people who are infected with STIs.
• Vaccination of persons at risk, vaccines for STDs, preventable.

Effective management of STI is the basis for control: preventing the development of complications and sequelae, decreases the spread of infections in the community and provides a unique opportunity to educate people about HIV prevention.

 

 

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